Sample on Safegaurding In Hsc

In the provided report, we have discussed the various elements that results into moral abuse of children, adolescents and various social groups and their negative impacts. Thereafter, various method of improvement and protection, and various legislation and policies in this regard have also been focused in this report.

Reasons for vulnerability of individuals to abuse and/or harm to self and others

There are many places where a child, youngster or any individuals can be exposed to abuse. It cannot be said that abuse is restricted to particular location it can be at any place in contrasting environments like nursing homes, supported lodgings like shelter homes for orphans or old-age homes, hospitals and domestic residence. (Mandelstam, 2013). The probable reasons for the vulnerability of individuals can be:

• Because of the issues related to the concerns, institutional systems, stigma and identification regarding accusation of abuses are not reported on time. Only a small percentage of the cases of adolescent abuses is detected currently.
• A sizeable percentage of people who are victim of abuse constitutes of the young individuals with health requirements, involving individuals with learning inability, physical inability, people with drug or alcohol abuse and mental illness (Ringer, 2006).  
• A review of one systematic study reveals that, out of the twenty-five percent of vulnerable older people are endangered of abuse, however only a small percentage of people have been noticed till now.
• A crosswise study of family carers in UK, the individuals with dementia determined nearly the fractional level of most significant reported abuse.

The abuses taking place should be detected on time so that; government can take proper and preventing measures for reducing and eradicating the same.

William, Nader and Hickey (2011) inferred that, there are various elements that may result into factors leading to abuse and damage to respective individual and others. Few of them are explained as follows:

For youngster:

Parents' lack of understanding of parenting, youngster’s needs and child development skills: When the child is not given due care and attention, he may be exposed to abuse. Children are mistreated, if their father or mother do not understand their feelings and needs.

Parents' history of youngster mistreatment in family of origin: If the parents of a youngster have been a victim of abuse or ill treatment in their childhood, they may treat their children in the same way in which they were being treated by their parents. This results in abuse of the child (Collins, 2009).

Drug or alcohol abuse or/and mental sickness issues involving depression or stress in family: If the parents or family members of a child are suffering from some continuous health issues, they feel depressed. They face responsibilities at a very early stage.

Parental characteristics such as single parenthood, low income, low education, large number of dependent children and young age: Another reason for abuse may be the large number of dependent or the responsibilities of parents at young age. These factors may also lead to the abuse of children.

Transient, non-biological care providers in home: It is considered that, a child could be given best care by his parents only. So, when they are been taken care by any transient or non-biological person, they feel abused.

Parental emotions and thoughts that tend to justify or support maltreatment behaviour: Sometimes, the mentality of parents is so narrow that they do not support their children against any abuse and support the maltreatment behaviour with the children (Bickerton, 2011).

For elderly people:

Current abuse of alcohol: The most common factor of abuse is over consumption of alcohol. Some people after getting drunk, abuse their partner, family or other individuals.

Inadequate coping skills: This Factor is most prevalent among males. Abuses arise when there is deficiency of bearing skills in the individuals, which gives emergence to conflicts among them.

Current identification of mental sickness: The individuals with unsound mind or mental illness are the major sufferers as well as they are ones who causes abuses because they are not able to judge whether they are being harmed by others, or if they are harming others (Davies, 2007).

Exposure to abuse as a child: If a person was abused in his childhood, he may abuse his children too and this may become his general behaviour.

High levels of hostility: When a person opposes or is being opposed by others frequently and suffers from an unfriendly treatment, it may result in abuse.

Assumption of care providing responsibilities at an primal age: If an individual is given the responsibilities of providing care at an early age, it can lead to maltreatment of the caregiver as well the person being taken care of (Brayne, Carr and Goosey, 2015).

Inadequate or poor training or preparation for care giving responsibilities: Another reason for abuse may be that, the parents have inadequate knowledge or poor training or preparation for meeting the responsibilities.

Impact of social and cultural factors on different types of abuse

Various cultural and societal factors have several impacts on the assorted kinds of abuses like physical, psychological, sexual, and substance abuse. Some of the elements responsible for the same are as follows:

Parental influence: Parents influence the children tremendously (Hewitt, 2009). The children having parents who are addicted to smoke or alcohol are twice probable to be smokers in future.  Therefore, if the father or mother have a common habit of consuming alcohol and smoking then their kids are likely to follow the identical practice.

Family structure: The level of parental education and socio-economic factors have an inverse relationship with the use of drugs and alcohol. The other factors that lead to the alcohol and drug abuse among adolescents are divorce among parents, single parenting, marital discord, etc. Parents having a poor control or monitoring over children also contribute in developing these habits in their children.

Peer influence: Friends have the greatest impact on an individual. The initiation of drinking and smoking occurs among friends generally which in-turn gives rise to the alcohol and drug abuse later (Nolan, Moonie and Lavers, 2005).

Role model: TV ans Film stars, fashion models and pop stars make alcohol and drug consumption attractive. In order to adopt their style people start consuming drugs and alcohol.

Advertising and promotion: Advertising and promotion has a huge impact. If used properly, it can help in reducing the habits of alcohol and smoking among people.

Poverty: Sexual abuse is much common among poor people. Poor people do not have much place for living. Being close together all the times results in sexual abuse at times.

Lack of organization assistance from police and legal bodies: Many time police and legal bodies do not support the individual who has been sexually mistreated. They generally neglect the cases of sexual abuse which further causes dissatisfaction among victims.

Weak community sanctions against violence perpetrators: The communities also not support the suffered people and do not support the abused person in taking any action, neither have they provided much emotional support to that person (Clarke, 2003).

Norms made by society that hold back women's lower status and sexual submissiveness:  There are few social groups and communities that still believe that women are inferior then women therefore, man can dominate the women and have all rights against her. This constrictive mentality also gives rise to sexual abuse of women.

Inadequate rules and regulations in regards to gender equality and sexual abuse: The government has not implemented proper and adequate rules and regulations regarding the sexual abuse.

Description of older people as dependent, weak and frail is also regarded as an abuse. When people call an individual as dependent or frail, they generally become aggressive and start abusing.
Erosion of bonds among the generations of a family is yet another factor responsible for abuse. As per the current scenario, individuals favour nuclear family units more as compared to joint one. (Trainor, 2015). The members of nuclear families are also not attached to each other.

Systems of land rights and inheritance, affecting the distribution of material goods and power within the families may also result in abuse. Migration of young couples and leaving their aged parents lonely and unaccompanied. In present scenario, individuals favour living solitary without interference of parents. It is also regarded as a major reason leading to abuse.

Sometimes, people also lack funds to expend on health and care. Further, few individuals, cannot expend on goods, services and basic facilities needed by his| her family members. It may result in moral abuse.

Strengths and weaknesses of current local legislations and policies related to those vulnerable to abuse

In each programmes, policies and regulations, there can be strengths and weaknesses. So, it is essential to identify the factors that are the strengths. When these factors are well known, the strengths can be made stronger and the weaknesses can be eliminated or reduced. Following are some of the strengths and weaknesses of the current policies and legislation:

CRB Check (Adult Protection): In UK, POVA and CRB ensure that an employee or candidate has reported the criminal offence. But, in case, if any abroad candidate has committed any crime in his domestic country, CRB in UK is not supposed to demonstrate those crimes. In such cases, it is advisable to consider the clearance certificate issued by foreign officials. (Chaplin and Taggart, 2012).

Whistle Blowing Policy: It is a democratic option for building a healthier policy and for improving the legislation practices. There are some cases in which whistle blowing may create problems among the organizational members and may reduce the security as well as motivation level of the staff members and may also result into worsened conditions.

Manager of supported lodgings like, care homes:

Administrator of residential care houses can instantly guide the workers or they can also give directions to various supervisors who are guiding and directing the workers. Therefore, respective manager is required to be acquainted with the job of various workers and groups that manger supervise, however, manager is not required to be expert or proficient in all or any of these field. Knowing how to manage the workers is more important for the managers than knowing how to do the work efficiently. Also, Aylett (2009) inferred that managers should have adequate experience and qualification, and should not have any bad remark in the records of Criminal Record Bureau (CRB). There may be variety of customers and to meet their various requirements, the manager should be clear about what exactly each one of them is seeking.

Social Care Council: It is the duty of the miscellaneous social aid councils to register all the social care workers. The council regulates their training and their conduct. It also supports in maintaining and setting good practice standards. Having dominating powers of functioning in this sector, the social aid administrative bodies need to be accountable for the healthier operation and ensure the conduct of the various functions in better manner.

Care Workers: The care workers should be well trained because member of the respective group of people are directly accountable groups that face the target groups. The care providers should be escaped from practices of CRB and are requisite to enroll themselves with the respective council (Northway and Jenkins, 2013). They are also required to be educated appropriately (minimum National vocational qualification up to 2). Therefore they must be capable of following the best practice, giving personal care, allowing the residents to maintain their privacy and dignity, and should respect their individuality throughout.

Existing working practices and strategies to minimise abuse in health and social care context

According to Stuart Baines and Rowntree (2004), abuse id refers to the breach of a person's civil and human rights by another person’s or person. Therefore, such breaches need to be confined and effective policies and regulations should be implemented each day to limit the cases of maltreatment. It is essential to determine the strategies and practices for minimising the maltreatment in health & social care sectors. Following are few effective rules and regulations that can be implemented to minimize abuse:

Protecting the adults vulnerable to abuse:  The major need of adults is to get attention and support from the nation & society. It is the obligation of the country to help adult people to live and to safeguard them as well.

Domestic violence: Domestic furiousness has been a prolonged issue in the social sectors. However, proper assistance of friends, moral support from society and family can help in preventing this problem. Some strict rules have also been made by the government in this context (Melrose and Pearce, 2013).

Racial harassment: Any type of behaviour that makes a person feel afraid, alarmed or distressed can be categorised as harassment. It includes:

• verbal abuse, like insult, racist jokes, etc.
• racist graffiti and vandalism
• nuisance emails, texts or calls
• intimidation, threats and bullying
• physical violence or abuse

Verbal and oral communication

Interaction and exchange of information the service-acquirer and provider, interested in their support and care are required to minimise any potentiality for harm and abuse. Information is required to be communicated with due consideration to ensure that it remains confidential (Creek and Lougher, 2011). The written records should be kept in secured places and should be accessible only to the person who are responsible or need to know those communications.

Use of IT for sharing information among professionals

In the present era, maximum of the enterprises providing health and social care services utilize computers for keeping information about the patients. This is also important to ensure that the information stays safe and protected as per the Data Protection Act 1998. Essential data, especially the proofs of abuses that are extremely sensitive and revelation of such data may be harmful for the affected person. Therefore, such information should be stored and protected against a password. Before such type of information is shared among the professionals, the individuals should be informed.

Practices against Anti-oppression

To protect and support adults against ill treatment and abuse, essential data should not be withhold from such people who possess a right to access that data or facts and figures. As per the British Law, a person is considered as guiltless until he is evidenced as at fault. Therefore, this  is essential that the workers cannot make assumptions and conclude about a  individual's guilt. Adult Protection procedures also makes sure that no person is treated in an oppressive way which is an abuse itself. Thus, before proving the accused guilty, it is illegal to presume them at fault (Greenfields and et.al., 2011).

Anti-discriminatory practice

While reporting, acting and identifying to protect an individual from abuse, a person should carefully avoid the discriminatory policies. According to Individual Legal right, during the course of investigation regarding case of abuse, the service provider should relate to them, and they should be independent from any type of miss judgement & blame.

Framework for assessing

The main objective of framework for assessment if to protect the people more prone and exposed to abuse. There are several kinds of framework that may protect vulnerable people from being maltreated. Recruiting is very important for minimising abuse in institutional care. Proper selection of employees also helps in reducing abuse in several ways.

Effectiveness of working practices and strategies

Adoption of Information Technology for sharing any data is more secured & protective in  comparision to the traditional paper activity. Besides this, IT is important for making the quickest service as well (Anand and et.al., 2014.). Verbal communication among care experts remains private, which means that this information should not be shared to any other person. Anti-discriminative activity and Anti-oppressive activity helps in reducing the chances of further mistreatment and assessment framework reveals how to evaluate employee or service beneficiary before getting involved in care tasks.

Functioning in collaboration with service beneficiaries helps in staying close and connected with the service user and furnish a opportunity of understanding their demand and needs. However, functioning with sub agencies is also very important in protecting exposed adult from ill-treatment which is deficient in just one agency.

possible improvements in working practices and strategies

To make further modifications in the profession health and social care meant for safeguarding exposed person from being mistreated, the regional body need to supervise the proper execution of legislation. The care organisation should appoint the care workers to perform the assigned duties only after ensuring that they feature adequate skills and abilities to perform different functions.

For minimising mistreatment, it is most essential to modify the thinking and perception of individuals. Besides this, it can also be diminished by practising in collaboration; through partnership. Assistance of Non Governing Organisations (NGOs) & step of authorities is very essential in removing it and making it abiding outcome. Safeguarding Children and Young People, (2011) cited that abuse is a social issue and it is not likely to be solved by the attempt of single individual. So, the entire members and participants of the society need to ensure active participation and involvement in preventing the abusive activities.

Conclusion

From this report, it can be said that maltreatment has many harmful impacts on the social group and without preventing these activities, it is very difficult to develop the societies. Additionally, it may also make the civilization and development worst. However, it can be removed from the society through proper implementation of the rules, regulations and legislation. It should be considered that maltreatment destruct a person’s desires, interests as well as hopes of living a healthy life and ultimately results into a serious societal problem in the nation and the community.

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