International Marketing

Executive summary- summarization of the key findings of the report. Reasons of why this industry and market sector represents an attractive opportunity

Global marketing or globalization of markets is an important issue for the multinational business like Nestle. This business firms should carefully look for possibilities in the international markets. Globalization of markets is a challenging concern for governments and political party or trade unions while business related people or organizations motivate the resourcefulness of open trade which relates several markets by going beyond the national boundary. The use of technology of 21^st century has been an essential factor in international marketing. Consumers around the world always need something different and innovative product, as technology make them aware of the existence of that new product (Stern, 2009). Business firms accept this economic factor, and that's why they enjoy the increasing scale of production or marketing or distribution. International marketing helps them to offer products at a cheaper rate and thus gain a competitive advantage among its competitors. There is little difference between international marketing strategy and globalization of markets. Global marketing strategies help to improve the efficiency of operations but globalization of markets is occurring due to the consistency of demand across cultures (Stone, 2013). Nestle is predictably surrounded by international consumers as well as their competitors and suppliers due to the raise in international marketing. On the hand, different nations have to admit their boundaries. There are some factors which play a significant role in the shaping of international business such as:

• The formulation of free trade areas such as ASEAN, EU, APEC, and NAFTA and expand the business in those areas (Stern, 2009).
• Each nation and its economic condition are dependent on other economies (Heise, 2012).
• Due to a developing economy countries have greater purchasing power.
• Use of new technology has also been the key factor behind the improvement of transportation and communication.
• The arrival of new and potential markets with a large number of consumers such as countries like Brazil, Russia, China, India, Malaysia, etc. (Stone, 2013).

Organizations must have proper international marketing strategies to enter in international business. Appropriate strategies helped Nestle to overcome its difficulties in the global market as this market bring new opportunities. Similarly, other business firms need to respond to consumer needs by adapting the existing product or by bringing the new product to the market. On the other hand, differences of cultures are important to know for a multinational firm as it provides the knowledge of innovation and the policy of marketing. The high quality of the brand is the key to marketing and culture helped to learn to take the name to the desired position (Whitwell, 2011). Cultural knowledge helps marketing to build a good relation with the customers. There are different ways of marketing in different types of culture. Several categories of culture such as Religion, Language, Values and Attitudes, Education, Social organizations, Technology and material culture affects the process of international marketing (Heise, 2012). Thus the key finding is summarised.

Customer needs always drive successful economies. The above-discussed process of international marketing will help an organization like Nestle to take place globally and consistently offer new opportunities and challenges. But to ensure the firm must have a strategic response to the challenges of the global market. As Nestle is involved in several countries economy, it brings the idea of standardizing the marketing activities. The recent trend in international marketing motivates a company to enter in international trade activities. Some features like electronic data transfer, capital flow, information and technological development speed up globalization that makes an organization to get engaged in international trade activity (Whitwell, 2011). Thus globalization helps to achieve a sound basis for international marketing to progress.

Background-Evaluation on the key international factors shaping the competitive environment and the intensity of competitive rivalry in the industry and market

The essence of strategy making is surviving with competitors. But competition is not manifested in the fight for market share. Customers, suppliers, potential entrants and substitute products are all competitors that may be more or less prominent or active depending on the industry (Klaić, 2012). Some forces primarily lead the state of competition in an industry such as New Entrants, Bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers, a threat of substitute products or services, and the industry jockeying for the position among current competitors. The strongest competitive force or forces determine the profitability of an industry and so are of the greatest importance in strategy construction (Shugan, 2012). Even an established organization like Nestle unthreatened by potential entrants will earn low returns if it faces a superior or a lower-cost substitute product. In such conditions surviving with the replacement product becomes the number one strategic priority. Every industry has an underlying structure or a set of fundamental economic and technical characteristics that gives growth to these competitive forces.

The intensity of rivalry among competitors in an industry refers to the extent to which firms within an industry put pressure on one another and limit’s each other’s profit potentials (Klaić, 2012). Competitors try to steal profit and market share from one another if the rivalry is aggressive. This reduces profit potential for all firms within the industry. The intensity of rivalry among companies is one of the main forces that shape the competitive structure of an industry. The potential rival’s expectations about the reaction of existing competitors will also influence its decision on whether to enter. The company is likely to have second thoughts if incumbents have previously lashed out at new entrants or if:

• The incumbents possess substantial resources to fight back, including excess cash and unused borrowing power, productive capacity or clout with distribution channels and customers.
• The incumbents seem likely to cut prices as a need to keep the market shares or because of industry-wide additional capacity.
• Industry growth is slow, affecting its ability to absorb the new arrival and probably causing the financial performance of all the parties involved to decline.

Michael Porter’s five forces model is used to discuss the intensity rivalry. Porter's model is a business tool that helps to analyze the attractiveness in an industry structure (Shugan, 2012). It contributes to access new strengths of a firm's competitive position and the strength of the position that the company is planning to attain. This model is an important part of planning tool set. Porter’s model of competitive forces assumes that there are five competitive forces that identify the competitive power in a business situation. These are as follows:

1. The threat of substitute products: It means how a company’s consumers switch to their competitor products. Substitutes limit profits in normal times. The threat of substitute is high when there are many other products available in the market. It continues until the firm differentiates its product from the competitor. The threat of substitute product is also very high when consumers find the same range of products in less price (McDonald, Mouncey and Maklan, 2014).
2. The threat of new entrants: It also very challenging when a new competitors enter the market. It also decreases the profit of an organization. The threat of new entrants will be high when capital requirements to start the related business is less, customers can quickly switch to another competitor, the product or service not differentiated (Piercy, 2015). When both entry and exit barriers are high, then profit margin is also high, but companies face more risk because poor performance companies stay in and fight it out.
3. Intense rivalry among existing players: It means the intensity of competition among the existing competitors in the market. Industry rivalry is high when customers have low switching costs, there are some small or equal competitors and less when there's a clear market leader, exit barriers are high, and rivals stay and compete (McDonald, Mouncey and Maklan, 2014). This kind of situations make the reasons for advertising wars, price wars, modifications, ultimately cost increase, etc.
4. Bargaining power of Suppliers: Bargaining power of supplier’s means how strong is the position of a seller. Suppliers are more powerful when they are concentrated and well organized, a few substitutes available to them, their product is more useful or unique, etc. It is the best way to make win-win relation with suppliers (Piercy, 2015). Multi-sources of supply is also a great idea.
5. Bargaining power of Buyers: Bargaining power of buyer means how much control the buyers have to drive down product’s price. Buyers have more bargaining power when few buyers are chasing too many goods; shipping cost is low, a product is not differentiated from its competitor (Wu, 2016). Bargaining power of buyers may be lowered down by offering differentiated products.

Porter's five forces model provides useful input for SWOT analysis and is considered as a reliable tool for industry competitive analysis. Low intensity of rivalry makes an industry more attractive and increases profit potential for the firms while conducting Porter's five forces industry analysis (Wu, 2016). The high intensity of rivalry makes an industry less attractive and decreases profit potential for the firms that were already facing a huge competition in the industry. The intensity of rivalry among existing firms is one of the factors to consider when analyzing the basic environment of an industry using Porter's five forces framework (Optimise your marketing activities, 2016).

 The discussion found a more positive impacts of globalization than the negative ones. Marketing strategies have changed to some extent due to globalization. As per the evidence provided above, a multi-national organization like Nestle would bring more changes in their marketing strategies to go beyond their boundaries and increase the amount of profit. Everyone like there products from their perspective but the marketer have to make the consumers understand how is the result is going to be useful for them. A marketer has to be very smart for marketing internationally. They have to be prepared for any situations. So international marketing is imperative for the global trade that will help the organization to achieve the goals in international markets.

You may also like to read: 

• Marketing Intelligence at Google

References

• Heise, A. (2012). Market Constellation Research. 1st ed. Frankfurt: Lang, Peter, GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften.
• Klaić, D. (2012). Resetting the stage. 1st ed. Bristol: Intellect.
• McDonald, M., Mouncey, P. and Maklan, S. (2014). Marketing value metrics. 1st ed. London: Kogan Page.
• Optimise your marketing activities. (2016). BDJ, 220(7), pp.371-371.
• Piercy, N. (2015). Marketing budgeting. 1st ed. Abingdon, OX [u.a.]: Routledge.

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